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Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy

1809 - 1847 Person Name: Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1809-1847) Hymnal Number: d14 Composer of "[Through all the world, O Lord]" in Fair Haven Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (b. Hamburg, Germany, 1809; d. Leipzig, Germany, 1847) was the son of banker Abraham Mendelssohn and the grandson of philosopher Moses Mendelssohn. His Jewish family became Christian and took the Bartholdy name (name of the estate of Mendelssohn's uncle) when baptized into the Lutheran church. The children all received an excellent musical education. Mendelssohn had his first public performance at the age of nine and by the age of sixteen had written several symphonies. Profoundly influenced by J. S. Bach's music, he conducted a performance of the St. Matthew Passion in 1829 (at age 20!) – the first performance since Bach's death, thus reintroducing Bach to the world. Mendelssohn organized the Domchor in Berlin and founded the Leipzig Conservatory of Music in 1843. Traveling widely, he not only became familiar with various styles of music but also became well known himself in countries other than Germany, especially in England. He left a rich treasury of music: organ and piano works, overtures and incidental music, oratorios (including St. Paul or Elijah and choral works, and symphonies. He harmonized a number of hymn tunes himself, but hymnbook editors also arranged some of his other tunes into hymn tunes. Bert Polman

Martin Luther

1483 - 1546 Hymnal Number: d1 Author of "A Mighty stronghold is our God" in Fair Haven Luther, Martin, born at Eisleben, Nov. 10, 1483; entered the University of Erfurt, 1501 (B.A. 1502, M.A.. 1503); became an Augustinian monk, 1505; ordained priest, 1507; appointed Professor at the University of Wittenberg, 1508, and in 1512 D.D.; published his 95 Theses, 1517; and burnt the Papal Bull which had condemned them, 1520; attended the Diet of Worms, 1521; translated the Bible into German, 1521-34; and died at Eisleben, Feb. 18, 1546. The details of his life and of his work as a reformer are accessible to English readers in a great variety of forms. Luther had a huge influence on German hymnody. i. Hymn Books. 1. Ellich cristlich lider Lobgesang un Psalm. Wittenberg, 1524. [Hamburg Library.] This contains 8 German hymns, of which 4 are by Luther. 2. Eyn Enchiridion oder Handbuchlein. Erfurt, 1524 [Goslar Library], with 25 German hymns, of which 18 are by Luther. 3. Geystliche Gesangk Buchleyn. Wittenberg, 1524 [Munich Library], with 32 German hymns, of which 24 are by Luther. 4. Geistliche Lieder auffs new gebessert. Wittenberg. J. Klug, 1529. No copy of this book is now known, but there was one in 1788 in the possession of G. E. Waldau, pastor at Nürnberg, and from his description it is evident that the first part of the Rostock Gesang-Buch, 1531, is a reprint of it. The Rostock Gesang-Buch, 1531, was reprinted by C. M. Wiechmann-Kadow at Schwerin in 1858. The 1529 evidently contained 50 German hymns, of which 29 (including the Litany) were by Luther. 5. Geistliche Lieder auffs new gebessert. Erfurt. A. Rauscher, 1531 [Helmstädt, now Wolfenbüttel Library], a reprint of No. 4. 6. Geistliche Lieder. Wittenberg. J. Klug, 1535 [Munich Library. Titlepage lost], with 52 German hymns, of which 29 are by Luther. 7. Geistliche Lieder auffs new gebessert. Leipzig. V. Schumann, 1539 [Wernigerode Library], with 68 German hymns, of which 29 are by Luther. 8. Geistliche Lieder. Wittenberg. J. Klug, 1543 [Hamburg Library], with 61 German hymns, of which 35 are by Luther. 9. Geystliche Lieder. Leipzig. V. Babst, 1545 [Gottingen Library]. This contains Luther's finally revised text, but adds no new hymns by himself. In pt. i. are 61 German hymns, in pt. ii. 40, of which 35 in all are by Luther. For these books Luther wrote three prefaces, first published respectively in Nos. 3, 4, 9. A fourth is found in his Christliche Geseng, Lateinisch und Deudsch, zum Begrebnis, Wittenberg, J. Klug, 1542. These four prefaces are reprinted in Wackernagel’s Bibliographie, 1855, pp. 543-583, and in the various editions of Luther's Hymns. Among modern editions of Luther's Geistliche Lieder may be mentioned the following:— Carl von Winterfeld, 1840; Dr. C. E. P. Wackernagel, 1848; Q. C. H. Stip, 1854; Wilhelm Schircks, 1854; Dr. Danneil, 1883; Dr. Karl Gerok, 1883; Dr. A. F. W. Fischer, 1883; A. Frommel, 1883; Karl Goedeke, 1883, &c. In The Hymns of Martin Luther. Set to their original melodies. With an English version. New York, 1883, ed. by Dr. Leonard Woolsey Bacon and Nathan H. Allen, there are the four prefaces, and English versions of all Luther's hymns, principally taken more or less altered, from the versions by A. T. Russell, R. Massie and Miss Winkworth [repub. in London, 1884]. Complete translations of Luther's hymns have been published by Dr. John Anderson, 1846 (2nd ed. 1847), Dr. John Hunt, 1853, Richard Massie, 1854, and Dr. G. Macdonald in the Sunday Magazine, 1867, and his Exotics, 1876. The other versions are given in detail in the notes on the individual hymns. ii. Classified List of Luther's Hymns. Of Luther's hymns no classification can be quite perfect, e.g. No. 3 (see below) takes hardly anything from the Latin, and No. 18 hardly anything from the Psalm. No. 29 is partly based on earlier hymns (see p. 225, i.). No. 30 is partly based on St. Mark i. 9-11, and xvi., 15, 16 (see p. 226, ii.). No. 35 is partly based on St. Luke ii. 10-16. The following arrangement, however, will answer all practical purposes. A. Translations from the Latin. i. From Latin Hymns: 1. Christum wir sollen loben schon. A solis ortus cardine 2. Der du bist drei in Einigkeit. O Lux beata Trinitas. 3. Jesus Christus unser Heiland, Der von. Jesus Christus nostra salus 4. Komm Gott Schopfer, heiliger Geist. Veni Creator Spiritus, Mentes. 5. Nun komm der Beidenheiland. Veni Redemptor gentium 6. Was flirchst du Feind Herodes sehr. A solis ortus cardine ii. From Latin Antiphons, &c.: 7. Herr Gott dich loben wir. Te Deum laudamus. 8. Verleih uns Frieden gnädiglich. Dapacem, Domine 9. Wir glauben all an einen Gott. iii. Partly from the Latin, the translated stanzas being adopted from Pre-Reformation Versions: 10. Komm, heiliger Geist, Herre Gott. 11. Mitten wir im Leben sind. Media vita in morte sumus. B. Hymns revised and enlarged from Pre-Reformation popular hymns. 12. Gelobet seist du Jesus Christ. 13. Gott der Vater wohn uns bei. 14. Gott sei gelobet und gebenedeiet. 15. Nun bitten wir den heiligen Geist. C. Psalm versions. 16. Ach Gott vom Himmel, sieh darein. 17. Aus tiefer Noth schrei ich zu dir. 18. Ein' feste Burg ist unser Gott. 19. Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl. 20. Es wollt uns Gott genädig sein. 21. War Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit. 22. Wohl dem, der in Gotten Furcht steht. D. Paraphrases of other portions of Holy Scripture. 23. Diess sind die heilgen zehn Gebot. 24. Jesaia dem Propheten das geschah. 25. Mensch willt du leben seliglich. 26. Mit Fried und Freud ich fahr dahin. 27. Sie ist mir lieb die werthe Magd. 28. Vater unser im Himmelreich. E. Hymns mainly Original. 29. Christ lag in Todesbanden. 30. Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam. 31. Ein neues Lied wir heben an. 32. Erhalt uns Herr bei deinem Wort. 33. Jesus Christus unser Heiland, Der den, 34. Nun freut euch lieben Christengemein. 35. Vom Himmel hoch da komm ich her. 36. Vom Himmel kam der Engel Schaar. In addition to these — 37. Fur alien Freuden auf Erden. 38. Kyrie eleison. In the Blätter fur Hymnologie, 1883, Dr. Daniel arranges Luther's hymns according to what he thinks their adaptation to modern German common use as follows:— i. Hymns which ought to be included in every good Evangelical hymn-book: Nos. 7-18, 20, 22, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38. ii. Hymns the reception of which into a hymn-book might be contested: Nos. 2, 3, 4, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 33. iii. Hymns not suited for a hymn-book: Nos. 1, 5, 6, 27, 31, 37. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Barney Elliott Warren

1867 - 1951 Person Name: B. Warren Hymnal Number: d7 Author of "Jesu Christ, the holy Son" in Fair Haven Barney Elliott Warren was an American Christian hymnwriter and minister. See more in Wikipedia

H. W. Baker

1821 - 1877 Person Name: Henry Williams Baker Hymnal Number: d13 Author of "The King of love my shepherd is" in Fair Haven Baker, Sir Henry Williams, Bart., eldest son of Admiral Sir Henry Loraine Baker, born in London, May 27, 1821, and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated, B.A. 1844, M.A. 1847. Taking Holy Orders in 1844, he became, in 1851, Vicar of Monkland, Herefordshire. This benefice he held to his death, on Monday, Feb. 12, 1877. He succeeded to the Baronetcy in 1851. Sir Henry's name is intimately associated with hymnody. One of his earliest compositions was the very beautiful hymn, "Oh! what if we are Christ's," which he contributed to Murray's Hymnal for the Use of the English Church, 1852. His hymns, including metrical litanies and translations, number in the revised edition of Hymns Ancient & Modern, 33 in all. These were contributed at various times to Murray's Hymnal, Hymns Ancient & Modern and the London Mission Hymn Book, 1876-7. The last contains his three latest hymns. These are not included in Hymns Ancient & Modern. Of his hymns four only are in the highest strains of jubilation, another four are bright and cheerful, and the remainder are very tender, but exceedingly plaintive, sometimes even to sadness. Even those which at first seem bright and cheerful have an undertone of plaintiveness, and leave a dreamy sadness upon the spirit of the singer. Poetical figures, far-fetched illustrations, and difficult compound words, he entirely eschewed. In his simplicity of language, smoothness of rhythm, and earnestness of utterance, he reminds one forcibly of the saintly Lyte. In common with Lyte also, if a subject presented itself to his mind with striking contrasts of lights and shadows, he almost invariably sought shelter in the shadows. The last audible words which lingered on his dying lips were the third stanza of his exquisite rendering of the 23rd Psalm, "The King of Love, my Shepherd is:"— Perverse and foolish, oft I strayed, But yet in love He sought me, And on His Shoulder gently laid, And home, rejoicing, brought me." This tender sadness, brightened by a soft calm peace, was an epitome of his poetical life. Sir Henry's labours as the Editor of Hymns Ancient & Modern were very arduous. The trial copy was distributed amongst a few friends in 1859; first ed. published 1861, and the Appendix, in 1868; the trial copy of the revised ed. was issued in 1874, and the publication followed in 1875. In addition he edited Hymns for the London Mission, 1874, and Hymns for Mission Services, n.d., c. 1876-7. He also published Daily Prayers for those who work hard; a Daily Text Book, &c. In Hymns Ancient & Modern there are also four tunes (33, 211, 254, 472) the melodies of which are by Sir Henry, and the harmonies by Dr. Monk. He died Feb. 12, 1877. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Cecil Frances Alexander

1818 - 1895 Person Name: Cecil F. Alexander Hymnal Number: d5 Author of "He is risen" in Fair Haven As a small girl, Cecil Frances Humphries (b. Redcross, County Wicklow, Ireland, 1818; Londonderry, Ireland, 1895) wrote poetry in her school's journal. In 1850 she married Rev. William Alexander, who later became the Anglican primate (chief bishop) of Ireland. She showed her concern for disadvantaged people by traveling many miles each day to visit the sick and the poor, providing food, warm clothes, and medical supplies. She and her sister also founded a school for the deaf. Alexander was strongly influenced by the Oxford Movement and by John Keble's Christian Year. Her first book of poetry, Verses for Seasons, was a "Christian Year" for children. She wrote hymns based on the Apostles' Creed, baptism, the Lord's Supper, the Ten Commandments, and prayer, writing in simple language for children. Her more than four hundred hymn texts were published in Verses from the Holy Scripture (1846), Hymns for Little Children (1848), and Hymns Descriptive and Devotional ( 1858). Bert Polman ================== Alexander, Cecil Frances, née Humphreys, second daughter of the late Major John Humphreys, Miltown House, co. Tyrone, Ireland, b. 1823, and married in 1850 to the Rt. Rev. W. Alexander, D.D., Bishop of Derry and Raphoe. Mrs. Alexander's hymns and poems number nearly 400. They are mostly for children, and were published in her Verses for Holy Seasons, with Preface by Dr. Hook, 1846; Poems on Subjects in the Old Testament, pt. i. 1854, pt. ii. 1857; Narrative Hymns for Village Schools, 1853; Hymns for Little Children, 1848; Hymns Descriptive and Devotional, 1858; The Legend of the Golden Prayers 1859; Moral Songs, N.B.; The Lord of the Forest and his Vassals, an Allegory, &c.; or contributed to the Lyra Anglicana, the S.P.C.K. Psalms and Hymns, Hymns Ancient & Modern, and other collections. Some of the narrative hymns are rather heavy, and not a few of the descriptive are dull, but a large number remain which have won their way to the hearts of the young, and found a home there. Such hymns as "In Nazareth in olden time," "All things bright and beautiful," "Once in Royal David's city," "There is a green hill far away," "Jesus calls us o'er the tumult," "The roseate hues of early dawn," and others that might be named, are deservedly popular and are in most extensive use. Mrs. Alexander has also written hymns of a more elaborate character; but it is as a writer for children that she has excelled. - John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907) =============== Alexander, Cecil F., née Humphreys, p. 38, ii. Additional hymns to those already noted in this Dictionary are in common use:— 1. Christ has ascended up again. (1853.) Ascension. 2. His are the thousand sparkling rills. (1875.) Seven Words on the Cross (Fifth Word). 3. How good is the Almighty God. (1S48.) God, the Father. 4. In [a] the rich man's garden. (1853.) Easter Eve. 5. It was early in the morning. (1853.) Easter Day. 6. So be it, Lord; the prayers are prayed. (1848.) Trust in God. 7. Saw you never in the twilight? (1853.) Epiphany. 8. Still bright and blue doth Jordan flow. (1853.) Baptism of Our Lord. 9. The angels stand around Thy throne. (1848.) Submission to the Will of God. 10. The saints of God are holy men. (1848.) Communion of Saints. 11. There is one Way and only one. (1875.) SS. Philip and James. 12. Up in heaven, up in heaven. (1848.) Ascension. 13. We are little Christian children. (1848.) Holy Trinity. 14. We were washed in holy water. (1848.) Holy Baptism. 15. When of old the Jewish mothers. (1853.) Christ's Invitation to Children. 16. Within the Churchyard side by side. (1848.) Burial. Of the above hymns those dated 1848 are from Mrs. Alexander's Hymns for Little Children; those dated 1853, from Narrative Hymns, and those dated 1875 from the 1875 edition of Hymns Ancient & Modern. Several new hymns by Mrs. Alexander are included in the 1891 Draft Appendix to the Irish Church Hymnal. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, Appendix, Part II (1907) ============= Alexander, Cecil F. , p. 38, ii. Mrs. Alexander died at Londonderry, Oct. 12, 1895. A number of her later hymns are in her Poems, 1896, which were edited by Archbishop Alexander. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, New Supplement (1907) See also in:Hymn Writers of the Church

Edwin Hodder

1837 - 1904 Person Name: E. Hodder Hymnal Number: d15 Author of "Thy word is like a garden, Lord" in Fair Haven Hodder, Edwin, published in 1863 The New Sunday School Hymn Book, and in 1868 a New and Enlarged edition of the same. To this collection he contributed 27 hymns, each of which is headed with his name. Of these nearly one half have passed into other hymnals for children, including Major; the Baptist Sunday School Hymn Book, 1880 ; the Sunday School Union Voice of Praise, 1886, and others. Born in 1838. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, Appendix, Part II (1907) ======================= Hodder, Edwin, p. 1571, i., was b. Dec. 13, 1837, at Staines, Middlesex, and went to New Zealand in 1856. After his return he joined the English Civil Service in 1861, retiring in 1897, and finally resided at Henfield, Sussex. He d. March 1, 1904. He was the author of many works, biographical, devotional and other, the earliest being Memories of New Zealand Life, 1862, and the latest The Life of a Century, 1900. His hymns appeared in his New Sunday School Hymn Book, 1863, and 2nd ed. 1863, including:— 1. Father, give us now Thy blessing. Close of School. 2. Lord, we bring our work to Thee. Christian Service. 3. The night was wild, and stormy winds. It is I. 4. The Saviour loves all children. Jesus the Children's Friend. 5. Thy Word is like a garden, Lord. Holy Scripture. Of these Nos. 1, 3, 5, appeared in 1863, Nos. 2, 4 were added in 1868. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, New Supplement (1907)

Friedrich Rückert

1788 - 1866 Person Name: Friedrich Rueckert Hymnal Number: d20 Author of "With armor of the living truth" in Fair Haven Rückert, Friedrieh, son of Johann Michael Rückert, advocate at Schweinfurt, in Bavaria, was born at Schweinfurt, May 16, 1788. He matriculated at the University of Würzburg Nov. 9, 1805 (where he became a great friend of Baron von Stockmar of Coburg), and finished his course there in the spring of 1809. He graduated PH. D. at Göttingen in 1810, and on March 30, 1811, began to lecture at Jena as a privatdocent in philology, but left April 16, 1812. On Nov. 2, 1812, he was appointed Professor of the Gymnasium at Hanau, but resigned before entering on his duties, and left Hanau Jan. 21, 1813. He was then for some time living at Würzburg as a man of letters, thereafter at Bettenburg near Hassfurt, &c. In Dec. 1815 he began work at Stuttgart as joint editor of the Morgenblatt, retiring from it Jan. 6, 1817. For some time he travelled in Italy, &c, and then in the end of 1820 settled at Coburg as a man of letters. On his appointment as Professor of Oriental Languages at Erlangen he went there in Nov. 1826; and then, in 1841, was appointed Professor of Oriental Languages at Berlin. During the Revolutionary period of March, 1848, he left Berlin and never returned, but received a pension in 1849. He retired to his estate of Neusess, near Coburg, and resided there till his death on Jan. 31, 1866… Rückert was one of the greatest Lyric writers, and one of the most thoughtful and earnest poets that Germany has produced. From the time that, unable to take part in the wars against Napoleon, he issued his Deutsche Gedichte (at Heidelberg) in 1814, containing his famous "Geharnischte Sonnette," he published himself or contributed to the publications of others, a most voluminous mass of poetry original and translated; a complete edition of his poems appearing finally at Frankfurt am Main, 1868-69, in 12 vols. as his Gesammelte poetische Werke. A considerable proportion of his poems are translations and adaptations from the Persian, Arabic, Sanscrit and Chinese. Throughout his poems he preserves a high level of purity of thought and expression; and displays a wonderful mastery of form and power of handling the German language. He was of deeply religious spirit, and wrote various epic poems on Biblical history, e.g. Leben Jesu, 1839; Saul und David, 1843; and Herodes der Grosse, 1844. He can hardly however be called a hymn-writer; the second of the poems noted below being almost the only piece by him which has passed into the German hymnbooks. A large number of his poems have been translated into English by Archbishop Trench, Dr. John Hunt, Dr. N. L. Frothingham, Dr. C. T. Brooks, and various others. Of Rückert's pieces we need here only note four, namely:— i. Das Parodies muss schöner sein. Eternal Life. First published as one of his Neue östliche Rosen in the Aglaja for 1823. Included in his Gesammelte Gedichte, Erlangen, 1834, vol. i. p. 83, in 14 stanzas, entitled "Paradise." The translations are (1) "Oh! Paradise must show more fair," by Abp. Trench, in his Poems from Eastern Sources, 1842, p. 199. (2) "Oh, Paradise must fairer be." Given, without name of translator, in Dr. H. Bonar's New Jerusalem, 1852, p. 84, and in Schaff’s Christ in Song, 1869, p. 657. ii. Dein Konig kommt in niedern Hüllen. Advent. This seems first to have appeared in his Gesammelte Gedicht, Erlangen, 1834, vol. i. p. 95, in 6 stanzas of 6 lines. It is based on St. Matt, xxi. 1-11, the Gospel for the 1st Sunday in Advent. It is included in the Berlin Geistliche Lieder, ed. 1863, No. 1545, and in various other recent German hymnbooks. The translations are: (1) "He comes, no royal vesture wearing." By T. C. Porter. Written April 5, 1868, for Hours at Home, N. Y., June, 18C8. (2) "In lowly guise thy King appeareth." By Dr. J. Troutbeck, as Schumann's Advent Hymn, Novello, N. D., 1876. iii. Er ist in Bethlehem geboren. Bethlehem and Calvary. First published as No. 5 of a series of "Hymns for Festivals by Friedrich Rückert," in the Taschenbuch zum geselligen Vergnügen auf das Jahr 1824, Leipzig, 1824, p. 276, in 10 st. of 8 1. The translations are:-- (1) "In Bethlehem He first arose." By N. L. Frothingham, 1855, p. 168. (2) "In Bethlehem the Lord was born." By Miss Winkworth, 1869, p. 338. (3) "In Bethlehem, the Lord of glory." By T. C. Porter for Hours at Home, N. Y., March, 1868. iv. Um Mitternacht hab ich gewacht. Midnight. The trs. are (1) "At still midnight I raise my sight." By N. L. Frothingham, 1855, p. 175. (2) "At dead of night Sleep took her flight." By Miss Winkworth, in Lyra Mystica, 1865, p. 266, and repeated in her Christian Singer, 1869, p. 337. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] --edited from John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)