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Gottfried Arnold

1666 - 1714 Hymnal Number: d224 Author of "Jesus ist mein Freudenlicht" in Evangelisch-Lutherisches Gesang-Buch worin 500 der...fuer Gemeinen, welche sich zur unveraen ... Augsburgischen Confession Arnold, Gottfried, son of Gottfried Arnold, sixth master of the Town School of Annaberg in the Saxon Harz, born at Annaberg Sept. 5, 1666. His life was varied and eventful, and although much of it had little to do with hymnody from an English point of view, yet his position in German Hymnology is such as to necessitate an extended notice, which, through pressure of space, must be (typographically) compressed. After passing through the Town School and the Gymnasium at Gera, he matriculated in 1685 at the University of Wittenberg—where he found the strictest Lutheran orthodoxy in doctrine combined with the loosest of living. Preserved by his enthusiasm for study from the grosser vices of his fellows, turning to contemplate the lives of the first Christians, he began those investigations in Church History on which his fame principally rests, and thought of preparing himself to become a lecturer and professor, the worldly spirit which pervaded the Church repelling him from seeking to become one of her ministers. Accepting in 1689 an appointment as family tutor at Dresden, he became a disciple of Spener, then Court Preacher. Seeing and testifying against the ill-living of those around him, he lost his appointment in 1693, but by Spener's recommendation obtained a similar post at Quedlinburg, the centre of a recent religious Revival, one of the leaders in which was the Senior Court diaconus, J. H. Sprogel. While at Quedlinburg he wrote and pub. his first work of importance: The First Love, i.e., a true Picture of the First Christians in their Living Faith, and Holy Life, 1696, a book glowing with faith and earnestness, which gained a rapid circulation (5th ed. 1727) and was very greatly valued by P. J. Spener. Being thus brought into notice he was in 1697 appointed by the Landgrave Ernst Ludwig of Hesse-Darmstadt as Professor of History at Giessen. Accepting the post in a hopeful spirit, he did not find himself at home in his surroundings, and, unable to work as he wished, was constrained to resign in 1698. Returning to Quedlinburg he found leisure in the house of his friend SprSgel to pursue the investigations for his Unparteiische Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historie (Frankfurt-am-Main, 1699-1700). This epoch-making work, the most important of all his publications, a monument of gigantic industry and based on the original sources, sought with impartiality to bring out clearly the most prominent and most beautiful features of the Church life of bygone ages, while the more important works that preceded it had been largely partisan. It was dedicated to the King of Prussia, who, Jan., 1702, named him Historiographer; it gained for him the King's help, but by the favourable views taken of the heretics, and the unfavourable light in which the action of the Church towards them was often regarded, a storm of indignation was raised against him throughout the Church. About this time he joined the "New Angel Brotherhood " (S. Matt. xxii. 30), of the followers of the mystic Jakob Bohine, wrote in 1700 his Mystery of the Wisdom of God (see below), in which Heavenly Wisdom was represented as a pure Virgin, union with whom would preclude any earthly marriage, and ceased to partake of Holy Communion in public. Thereupon the ecclesiastical authorities took action, and would have banished him from Quedlinburg had not the King of Prussia interfered and sent two commissions in 1700 and 1701 on Arnold's behalf. Now came the turning point in his life. A thief who had broken into the house of the Sprogels was appre¬hended at Allstedt, about 40 miles south. To bring the thief to justice, Sprogel's wife and her youngest daughter, Anna Maria, went thither under Arnold's care. Preaching before the widowed Duchess of Sachsen-Eisenach, Arnold was summoned by her to become preacher at her Court at Allstedt, and before entering on his duties was, on Sept. 5, 1701, married in Church at Quedlinburg to Anna Maria Sprogel—a union productive of the happiest results, and which in great measure cured him of his Separatist tendencies, but which brought the ridicule of his enemies upon him, and caused his expulsion from the Angel Brotherhood. Entering upon his duties at Allstedt in 1702, he encountered much opposition, and thus, in 1705, gladly accepted from the King of Prussia an appointment as pastor and inspector of Werben in the Altmark (near the junction of the Elbe and Havel), as successor to his father-in-law, who had removed thence from Quedlinburg. As his persecutors gave him no rest, he accepted from the magistrates of Perleberg, a few miles farther north, the pastorate there, to which the King added the inspectorate of the district, beginning his labours on the 22nd Sunday after Trinity, 1707, by a sermon on St. Matt, xiii. 45. Unwearied in word and work, by preaching, by household visitation, and by the composition of devotional manuals (one of which, entitled Paradiesischer Lustgarten, 1709, reached a 7th ed. in 1746), he sought the good of his flock and won universal love and esteem. His excessive devotion to study (publishing no less than 58 works, some being folios, within 20 years) and his sedentary habits, brought on a severe attack of scurvy. On Whit-Sunday, 1714, when barely recovered from his illness, a recruiting party burst into the church and impressed some of the young men who were in the act of receiving Holy Communion. This outrage was his death-blow. On the next day, May 21, as pre-arranged, he preached a funeral sermon, but had to be supported by the sexton to enable him to finish it, ' like a faithful soldier keeping his post till bis last gasp." Three days he lay in an armchair, and was then removed to bed. In earnest exhortation to his friends to full renunciation of self and of the world and complete dedication to God, in peaceful communion with God not unmingled with the bitterness of an early end, the days passed, till on May 30, 1714, after he had raised himself in bed and exclaimed "Frisch auf, frisch auf! Die Wagen her und fort," his spirit peacefully passed away, his mortal body being consigned to the grave on June 1—accompanied by a weeping multitude comprising nearly all the inhabitants of the place. As a poet Arnold holds a high place, though but few of his hymns (mostly written at Quedlinburg) are entirely fitted for use in public worship. Ehmann characterises his poems as full of originality, as pervaded with a deep zeal for sanctification and the fear of God, and with glowing devotion and intensity of love for Christ. All are tinged, some very deeply, with his mysticism, dealing largely in theosophic language with the marriage of the soul to God. They found admission into the hymn-books of the Separatists and the Pietists, and many of them in modern times are included in Knapp's Ev. L. S. They appeared in the following works:— (1) Gottliche Liebes-Funcken. Aus dem grossen Feuer der Liebt Gottes in Christo Jesu entsprungen. Frankfurt am Main, 1698. Containing 145 pieces, including his best hymns. (2) Anderer Theil der gottlichen Liebes-Funcken. Frankfurt, 1701. 36 pieces. (3) Das Geheimniss der gottlidien Sophia, der Weisheit, beschrieben und besungen. Leipzig, 1700. The poetical portion of this work is in two parts:—i. Poetische Lob- und Liebes-Spriiche (100); ii. Neue gottlicJie Liebes Funcken (133). (4) Das eheliche und unverehelichte Leben der ersten Christen, &c. Frankfurt, 1702, with an appendix of 19 poems. (5) Neuer Kern wahrer Geistesgebete, &c. Leipzig, 1703, with a collection of hymns appended, entitled Ein neuer Kern recht geistlicher lieblicher Lieder—211 in all. As these works contain a good many hymns by other authors, the task of discrimination is not easy, and thus it comes to pass that in the collected editions by Albert Knapp (Stuttgart, 1845) and by K. C. E. Ehmann (Stuttgart, 185G) a number of pieces are included which are not really by Arnold. Somewhat curiously, Miss Winkworth, in her Christian Singers of Germany, 1869, has selected three pieces, and only three, as favourable specimens of Arnold, and as it happens, not one is really by him. Knapp frequently abridges and alters, while Ehmann gives a valuable introduction, the unaltered text of 139 hymns, and, as an appendix, a selection from the poems not in regular form (Koch, vi. 138-159; Ehmann's Introduction, Allg. Deutsche Biographie., i. 587-588). The hymns here noted are arranged thus: I. Probably by Arnold; II. Possibly by Arnold; III. Not by Arnold, but not found earlier than in the works mentioned above. Of these the following have been rendered into English:— I. Hymns probably by Arnold, 1-9. 1. Ew'ge Weisheit, Jesu Christ. [Love to Christ.] Founded on Canticles viii. 6, and 1st pub. 1700 as above, No. 68 (Ehmann's ed. 1856, p. 128), in 18 stanzas of 4 lines, and included as No. 504 in Freylinghausen's G. B. 1704. Translated as "Christ, thou'rt Wisdom unto me," No. 685 in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book. 1754. 2. Holdseligs Gottes-Lamm. [Victory of Love.] 1701 p. 61, as above Ehmann's ed. 1856, p. 173), in 11 stanzas of 8 lines, and thence as No. 484 in Freylinghausen's G. B. 1704. Translated as "Thou, God's beloved Lamb," as No. 629 in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book. 1754. In 1789 altered to "Thou, God's most holy Lamb," and in 1801 and later eds. to "Jehovah! holy Lamb." 3. Ihr Sions-Tochter die ihr nicht [Love to Christ.] Founded on Canticles iii. 11, and 1st pub. 1700 as above, No. 41 (Ehmann's cd. 1856, p. 107), in 13 stanzas of 4 lines. Included as No. 716 in the Herrnhut G. B. 1735. Translated as "Daughters of Zion, who're no more," No. 695 in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book. 1754. 4. Komm beag' dich tief, mein Hcrz and Sinn. [Thanksgiving to Christ] 1st pub. 1702 as above, p. 549 (Ehmann's ed. 1856, p. 194), in 9 stanzas of 6 lines. Included as No. 744 in Freylinghausen's G. B. 1705. Translated as "Ourselves, dear Lord, we now resign," from stanzas vil., ix., as st. iii., iv.of No. 695 in the Moravian Hymn Book. 1801, (ed. 1849, No. 826). 5. Mein Eonig, schreib mir dein Gesetz. [Brotherly Love.] Founded on Ps. exxxiii. and James ii. 8, and 1st pub. 1698, No. 125, as above (Ehmann's ed. 1856, p. 51, Knapp, 1845, p. 119), in 16 stanzas of 6 lines. Included as No. 387 in Freylinghausen's G. B. 1704. Translated as "Thy law, O Lord, be my delight," as No. 451 in the Moravian Hymn Book 1789, and repeated in later eds. 6. 0 Durchbrecher aller Bande (q.v.) 7. O stillcs Lamm, ich such dein sanftes Wesen. [Love to Christ.] A poem 1st pub. 1698, No. 34, as above (Ehmann's ed. 1856, p. 270), in 21 lines, entitled " They are virgins. These are they which follow the Lamb," Rev. xiv. 4. In pt. ii. 1714, of Freylinghausen's G. B., a recast beginning "O stilles Gottes-Lamm," in 5 stanzas of 8 lines, was included as No. 429. The translations are from the second form: (1) "Meek, patient Lamb of God, to Thee," by J. Wesley, in Psalms & Hymns, 1741 (P. Works, 1868-72, vol. ii. p. 14), repeated as No. 545 in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book. 1754; (2) "Meek, patient Lamb of God, impart," as No. 434 in the Moravian Hymn Book. 1789, and later eds. 8. So ftihrst da docli recht selig, Herr, di; Deinen. [Trust in God.] 1st pub. 1698, No. 138, as above (Ehmann's ed. 1856, p. 69), in 13 stanzas of 8 lines, entitled "The best Guide." Included as No. 210 in Freyling¬hausen's G. B. 1704, and recently as No. 428 in the Unv. L. S. 1851. Dr. Schaff, in his Deutsches G. B., 1860, says of it: "It was the favourite hymn of the philosopher Schelling. It is, however, more suited for private use than for Public Worship." It is a beautiful hymn, marked by profundity of thought and depth of Christian experience. The only translation in common use is "How well, O Lord! art thou thy People leading," in full as No. 60l in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book. 1751, and repeated, abridged and altered to " Well art Thou leading, Guide supreme," in 1826 (1849, No. 195). The translation of stanzas i., iii., xi. from the 1826 were included in J. A. Latrobe's Collection, 1841, No. 329. Another translation is "How blest to all Thy followers, Lord, the road," by Miss Winkworth, 1855, p. 115 (ed. 1876, p. 177). 9. Wie fdion ist unsers Kdnigs Braut. [Heaven.] 1st pub. 1698, No. 139, as above (Ehmann's ed. 1856, p. 72, Knapp, 1845, p. 217), in 14 stanzas of 6 lines. Included as No. 584 in Freylinghausen's G. B. 1704. The translation are-beginning with st. x.:—" Wie freuet sich mein gamer Sinn," (1) "I'm glad, yea, sinner—likely bold," as No. 548 in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book 1754. (2) “How doth my needy soul rejoice," as No. 882 in the Moravian Hymn Book. 1789. In 1801 altered to " How greatly doth my soul rejoice," (1849, No. 1230). II. Hymns possibly by Arnold, 10-11. 10. Erschein, du Morgenstern. [Morning.] 1st pub. 1703, p. 8 (Ehmann's ed. 1856, p. 196), in 4 stanzas of 8 lines. Included as No. 751 in Freylinghausews G. B. 1705, and No. 628 in Porst's G. B. ed. 1855. Fischer, i. 174, thinks A.'s authorship very doubtful. Translated as "Thou Morning-Star appear," by H. J. Buckoll, 1842, p. 42. 11. O der alles hattf verloren. [The Heavenly Spirit.] This beautiful hymn on Self-Renunciation appeared in 1703, p. 132 (ed. Ehmann, 1856, p. 210), in 8 stanzas of 4 lines, but both Koch, vi. 159, and Fischer, ii. 138, regard A.'s authorship as very doubtful. Included as No. 719 in Freylinghausen's G. B. 1705, and recently as No. 614 in the Unv. L. S. 1851. In Knapp's ed. 1845, p. 8, beginning “O wer alles hatt' verloren," in 7 stanzas. The only translation in common use is, "Well for him who all things losing," a very good translation omitting st. iii. by Miss Winkworth, in the 1st Series of her Lyra Ger. 1855, p. 134 (ed. 1876, p. 135), and repeated in her C. B. for England, 1863, No. 132, omitting the translation of stanzas. vi. Included as No. 451 in the Pennsylvanian Luth. Ch. Bk. 1868, and, with the omission of stanzas vi.-vii., in the American Meth. Episcopal Hymnal, 1878. Other translations are: (1) "O were all things perishable," as No. 682 in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book. 1754. (2) “Ah! the heart that has forsaken," by Mrs. Findlater, in the Family Treasury, 1859, pt. ii. p. 208, and thence (quoting the German as "Ach das Herz verlassend alles") in the 4th Series, 1862, of the Hymns from the Land of Luther (ed. 1862, p. 284, 1884, p. 209). (3) "O how blest who, all resigning," by Mrs. L. C. Smith, in the Sunday Magazine, 1865, p. 94C. III. Hymns wrongly attributed to Arnold, 12-14. Seven hymns of this class have been tr. into English. Of these, two are noted under Lodenstein, one under Scheffler, and one under J. L. Faber. The others are:— 12. Es gehet maticlier Weg und Bahn. [Life's Voyage.] 1st pub. in Der Weisiteit Gartengewdchs, 1703, edited by Arnold. Ehmann, 1856, p. 245, includes it in 7 stanzas of 4 lines, but says it is certainly not by Arnold. Knapp, 1845, p. 173, quotes it, beginning, "Gar mancher Wegr, gar manche Balm," as from a us. dated 1734, and included it in his Ev. L. S. 1850, No. 1583 (ed. 1865, No. 1652). Translated as "Full many a way, full many a path," by Miss Winkworth, 1869, p. 295. 13. O du sussa Lust. [Communion with Christ.] Appeared in 1698, No. 140, as above; but distinctly marked as " by another." In Knapp, 1845, p. 78. Included in 9 stanzas of 6 lines, as No. 458, in Freylinghausen's G. B. 1704, and as No. 398 in Porst's G. B., ed. 1855. The trs. are: (1) "O thou Pleasure blest," as No. 690 in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book. 1754; (2) "Bliss beyond compare," founded on the 1751, as No. 283 in the Moravian Hymn Book 1789. In full as No. 68 in the Bible Hymn Book 1845, and as No. 672 in Reid's Praise Book 1872. 14. Salb' uns mit deiner Lieba. [The Kingdom of God.] 1st pub. 1702, p. 526, but distinctly marked as " by another." In Knapp, 1845, p. 19. included as No. 746 in Freylingliausen's G. B. 1705, and recently, as No. 198, in Knapp's Ev. L. S. 1850 (ed. 1865, No. 209). Translated as "Anoint us with Thy blessed love," by Miss Winkworth, 1869, p. 293. Dr. Franz Dibelius in his elaborate biography (Gottfried Arnold, Berlin, 1873) at pp. 180-183, 246-248, quotes four hymns not included by Ehmann which he thinks may possibly be by Arnold. One of these is “Zum Leben ftthrt ein schmaler Weg " (q. v.). -- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Elisabeth Creutziger

1500 - 1535 Person Name: Elisabeth Cruezigerin Hymnal Number: d149 Author of "Herr Christ, der einig Gottes Sohn, Vaters in ewigkeit" in Evangelisch-Lutherisches Gesang-Buch worin 500 der...fuer Gemeinen, welche sich zur unveraen ... Augsburgischen Confession Cruciger, Elisabethe, née von Meseritz, was the daughter of a family belonging to the Polish nobility. Her parents, suffering from the persecutions of these times, had been forced to seek refuge at Wittenberg There, in May or June, 1524, she was married to Caspar Cruciger, son of a Leipzig burgess, who had enrolled himself as a student at Wittenberg in 1522. Cruciger, who was treated by Luther as his own son and accounted his most hopeful pupil, became in 1525 Rector of St. John’s School and preacher in St. Stephen's Church, Magdeburg; and in 1528 was called to become professor in the philosophical faculty at Wittenberg, but, by Luther's wish, was appointed one of the professors of Theology. Of his wife, who died at Wittenberg, May, 1535, little is known save that she was a friend of Luther's wife, a lover of music, and an affectionate wife and mother (Koch, i. 281-285; Caspar Cruciger, by Dr. Pressel, Elberfeld,1862, p. 76; Allg. Deutsche Biographie, xviii. 148, &c). The only hymn known as by her is:— Herr Christ, der einig Gotts Sohn. Christmas, first published in Eyn Enchiridion, Erfurt, 1524. In the Geistliche Lieder, Wittenberg, 1531, it is given as "Ein geistlich liedt von Christo, Elisabet Creutzigerin," and from the Rostock Gesang-Buch, 1531, it seems clear that in King's Gesang-Buch, Wittenberg, 1529, it bore the same title. Wackernagel , iii. pp. 46-47, gives four forms, all in 5 stanzas of 7 lines. In the Unverfälschter Liedersegen, 1851, No. 37. Koch, i., 282, calls it "a sublime hymn fully embracing in itself the true power of the Gospel." It has been ascribed to Andreas Knopken, but for this external evidence is entirely wanting, and in the Riga Kirchenordnung, 1537, in which his hymns appeared, this hymn is ascribed to E. Cruciger. That he as a theologian might fitly have written a hymn such as this, displaying power of theological expression (cf. st. v.) and knowledge of Latin (cf. st. i. with Prudentius's "Corde natus ex parentis") may be granted, but ladies learned in Latin and theology were not unknown in those days. Translations in common use:— 1. The only Son from heaven. A good translation of stanzas i.-iii., by A. T. Russell, as No. 41 in his Psalms & Hymns, 1851, repeated, with alterations, as No. 119 in Kennedy, 1863. 2. O Thou, of God the Father. A translation of stanzas i., iii., iv., by Miss Winkworth, as No. 155 in her Chorale Book for England , 1863, and thence as No. 277 in the Ohio Lutheran Hymnal, 1880. Translations not in common use:— (1) "Christ is the only Sonne of God," by Bp. Coverdale, 1539, (Remains, 1846, p. 553). Almost identical with (2) "Christ is the onlie Son of God," in the Gude and Godly Ballates (ed. 1567-8, folio 74), ed. 1868, p. 127. (3) "Lord Christ the eternal Father's” in the Supplement to German Psalmody, ed. 1765, p. 3. (4) "Christ, that only begotten," as No. 335 in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book, 1754. (5) "Thou Maker of each creature," No. 193 in the Moravian Hymn Book, 1789, is st. iii., iv. of the 1754, rewritten by P. H. Molther. In later editions a translation of st. vi. of "Herr Jesu, Gnadensonne" (see L. A. Gotter, No. i.) was added. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Caspar Neumann

1648 - 1715 Hymnal Number: d152 Author of "Herr, es ist von meinem Leben Weiner eine Nacht" in Evangelisch-Lutherisches Gesang-Buch worin 500 der...fuer Gemeinen, welche sich zur unveraen ... Augsburgischen Confession Neumann, Caspar, son of Martin Neumann, city tax-collector at Breslau, was born at Breslau, Sept. 14,1648. He entered the Unversity of Jena in Sept. 1667, graduated M.A. in August 1670, and was for some time one of the University lecturers. On Nov. 30, 1673, he was ordained at the request of Duke Ernst of Gotha as travelling chaplain to his son, Prince Christian, whom he accompanied through Western Germany, Switzerland, Northern Italy, and Southern France; returning to Gotha in 1675. In 1676 he became court preacher at Altenburg, but in Dec. 1678 was appointed diaconus of the St. Mary Magdalene Church at Breslau, and pastor there in 1689. Finally, in Feb. 1697 he became pastor of St. Elizabeth's at Breslau, inspector of the churches and schools of the district, and first professor of theology in the two Gymnasia at Breslau. He died at Breslau, Jan. 27, 1715 (S. J. Ehrhardt's Presbyterologie Schlesiens i. 211; Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie xxiii. 532, &c). Neumann was a celebrated preacher, and edited a well-known prayer-book, entitled Kern alter Gebete (Breslau, 1680; complete ed. Breslau, 1697) which passed through many editions. He wrote over thirty hymns, simple, heartfelt and useful, which became very popular in Silesia, and almost all of which passed into Burg's Gesang-Buch, Breslau, 1746, and later editions. They mostly appeared, with his initials, in the 9th ed., N.D., but about 1700, of the Breslau Vollständige Kirchen-und Haus-Music. Those which have been translated are:— i. Adam hat im Paradies. Christmas. 1700, as above, p. 71, in 8 stanzas. In the Unverfälschter Liedersegen, 1851, No. 23. Translated as "Adam did, in Paradise." By Miss Manington, 1864, p. 21. ii. Grosser Gott, von alten Zeiten. Sunday Morning. 1700, p. 886, in 6 stanzas of 6 1ines as "for Sundays and Festivals." Thence in many Silesian hymnbooks, and in the Unverfälschter Liedersegen, 1851, No. 481. The translations in common use are:-— 1. God of Ages never ending, Ruling. A good translation, omitting stanza iii., by H. J. Buckoll in his Hymns from the German, 1842, p. 5. His translations of stanzas i., ii., vi. were repeated in the Dalston Hospital Hymn Book, 1848; the Rugby School Hymn Book, 1850 and 1876, and others. 2. Great God of Ages! by whose power. A translation of stanzas i., ii., vi. as No. 10 in J. F. Thrupp's Psalms & Hymns, 1853. 3. God of Ages never ending! All creation. A good translation of stanzas i., ii., vi., based on Buckoll, con¬tributed by A. T. Russell to P. Maurice's Choral Hymn Book, 1861, No. 466. 4. God of Ages, great and mighty. A translation of stanzas i., ii., v., vi. by C. H. L. Schnette, as No. 291 in the Ohio Lutheran Hymnal 1880. iii. Herr! auf Erden muss ich leiden. Ascension. 1700 as above, p. 1098, in 6 stanzas of 8 lines, and in the Unverfälschter Liedersegen, 1851, No. 159. The translation in common use is:— (1) Lord, on earth I dwell sad-hearted. A good translation, omitting stanzas iv., v., by Miss Winkworth, as No. 66 in her Chorale Book for England, 1863; repeated in the Ohio Lutheran Hymnal, 1880. Another translation is (2) "Lord, on earth I dwell in pain." By Miss Winkworth, 1855, p. 106. iv. Mein Gott, nun ist es wieder Morgen. Morning. 1700, as above, p. 871, in 6 stanzas, and in the Berlin Geistliche Lieder ed. 1863, No. 1119. Translated as "My God, again the morning breaketh." By Miss Manington, 1863, p. 118. v. Nun bricht die finstre Nacht herein. Sunday Evening. 1700 as above, p. 982, in 11 stanzas. In the Berlin Geistliche Liedered. 1863, No. 1177. Translated as "Soon night the world in gloom will steep." By Miss Manington, 1863, p. 152. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Johann Gottfried Hermann

1707 - 1791 Person Name: J. G. Hermann Hymnal Number: d81 Author of "Edler Geist ins Himmels Thron" in Evangelisch-Lutherisches Gesang-Buch worin 500 der...fuer Gemeinen, welche sich zur unveraen ... Augsburgischen Confession Herrmann, Johann Gottfried, D.D., son of Gottfried Herrmann, pastor at Altjessnitz, near Bitterfeld, Saxony, was born at Altjessnitz, Oct. 12, 1707. After studying at the University of Leipzig (M.A. in 1731), he was appointed in 1731 diaconus at Ranis, near Neustadt on the Orla; in 1734 diaconus at Pegau, near Leipzig; in 1738 superintendent at Plauen; and in 1746 chief Court preacher at Dresden, and oberconsistorialrath. He died at Dresden, July 30, 1791 (Koch, v. 503-505). The only hymn by him translated into English appeared in the Privilegirte neue und vollständige Voigtländische Gesang Buch, Plauen, 1742, which he edited while Superintendent at Plauen. It is: Gent hin, ihr glaubigen Gedanken. The Love of God. A fine hymn, founded on Eph. i. 3-12, on Faith produced and nourished by the everlasting love of God. 1st pub. 1742 as above (ed. 1751, No. 843), in 14 stanzas of 6 lines, entitled "On the Everlasting Love of God." Included as No. 413 in the Unverfälschter Liedersegen 1851. The only translation in common use is:— On wings of faith, ye thoughts, fly hence. A good tr., omitting stanza viii., by Miss Winkworth, in the 1st Ser. of her Lyra Germanica, 1855, p. 121. Her translation of lines 1-4 of stanzas v., xii., x., xi. beginning "Ah! happy hours! whene'er upsprings," with a 5th stanza not from Herrmann, added to complete the hymn, were included as No. 646 in the American Sabbath Hymn Book 1858. Another arrangement, consisting of lines 1-4 of stanzas ii.-iv., vii., xiii., appeared as No. 233 in the Sabbath Hymn Book, 1858, and is repeated in several American collections. It begins:—"Ere earth's foundations yet were laid." [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] -- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology

Hans Sachs

1494 - 1576 Hymnal Number: d395 Author of "Warum betruebst du dich, mein Herz, bekuemmerst" in Evangelisch-Lutherisches Gesang-Buch worin 500 der...fuer Gemeinen, welche sich zur unveraen ... Augsburgischen Confession Sachs, Hans, the famous German poet and shoemaker, was born at Nürnberg, Nov. 5, 1494; settled there in 1516 after his journeyman wanderings, and d. there on the evening of Jan. 19,1576 (see full notices in K. Goedeke's Grundriss, vol. ii., 1886, pp. 408-437; Allg. Deutsche Biographie, xxx., 115, &c). His poetical works were collected at Nürnberg in 3 vols., folio, 1558-61 (vol. 4, 1578; vol. 5, 1579); and a complete ed. of his works is now being published by the Literary Union of Stuttgart, of which vol. xvii. appeared in 1888. His pre-Reformation hymns are given by Wackernagel, ii., Nos. 1403-1410 ; and his post-Reformation hymns by Wackernagel, iii., Nos. 83-106. Two of his hymns (Wackernagel, iii., Nos. 83, 97) have been translated by Bp. Coverdale, 1539 (see p. 442, ii., Nos. 16, 27); and two others (Wackernagel, iii., Nos. 86, 82) by Miss Winkworth, 1869, pp. 131,134. See also p. 1234, i., and p. 1543, ii. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, Appendix, Part II (1907)

Christian Scriver

1629 - 1693 Hymnal Number: d39 Author of "Auf Seel, und danke deinem Herrn" in Evangelisch-Lutherisches Gesang-Buch worin 500 der...fuer Gemeinen, welche sich zur unveraen ... Augsburgischen Confession Scriver, Christian, son of Christian Scriver (Schriver, Schreiber), merchant at Rendsburg in Holstein, was born at Rendsburg, Jan. 2, 1629; and was from his birth destined for the ministry. His father died of the plague, in 1629, but by the help of a rich great-uncle, he was able eventually to matriculate at the University of Rostock in Oct., 1647 (M.A., 1649). In 1650 he became tutor to a family at Segeberg, near Lübeck. While visiting a married half-sister at Stendal, he preached there with much acceptance, and was appointed, in 1653, archidiaconus of St. James's Church there. He then became, in 1667, pastor of St. James's Church at Magdeburg, where he was also appointed, in 1674, assessor at the consistory, in 1676 as Scholarch, in 1679 as Senior; and in 1685 had also the parishes and schools of the so-called Holzkreis placed under his inspection. At length he found his work too heavy, and, in 1690, accepted an invitation to Quedlinburg as consistorialrath and chief court preacher at the church of St. Servatius, and also as private chaplain to Anna Dorothea, Duchess of Saxony, and Abbess of the Lutheran Stift at Querllinburg. After a series of strokes of paralysis, he died at Quedlinburg, April 5, 1693 (Koch, iv. 78; Herzog's Real-Encyldo-pädie, xiv. p. 1, &c). Scriver was a most popular, useful, and influential preacher; his earnestness being deepened by the memory of his many wonderful escapes from accident and pestilence. He was also the author of various devotional works, which found much acceptance, e.g. his Gottholds 300 Zufällige Andachte, Magdeburg, 1663 (1671, and later eds., have 400 Andachten: English version, as Gotthold's Emblems, by R. Menzies, D.D., Edinburgh, 1857); his Seelen-Schatz, in 5 parts 1675-92; and his Gotthold's Siech-und Sieges-Bette, in 2 parts, 1687-94. It is difficult to say how many hymns Scriver wrote, apparently about ten. He refers to one or two in hisSeelenschatz and his Andachten, but does not give the full texts. A number are included, as by him, in C. Weise's abridgment of the Seelenschatz, which, was published at Wittenberg, in 1704, as the Seelenschatzes Kraft und Safft; and C. O. Weinschenk, pastor of St. Ulrich's in Magdeburg, in his Erbauliche Leben of Scriver (Magdeburg and Leipzig, 1729), gives a list of those he considers genuine. Those of Scriver's hymns which have passed into English are:— i. Auf, Seel, und danke deinem Herrn. Morning. Included, 1704, as above, and in 1729, also marked as by Scriver. But Scriver's son-in-law, Johann Heinrich Havecker …claims it as his own. Translated as, "To God, my Soul, Thank-offerings pay." By H. J. Bucholl, 1842, p. 30. ii. Der lieben Sonne Licht und Pracht. Evening. This is Scriver's best hymn. Regarding it Lauxmann, in Koch, viii. 201, speaks thus:-—"Of the beautiful hymn of this true Teacher, the Chrysostom of our Lutheran church, in which the thoughts of Gerhardt's evening hymn ring and are powerfully re¬echoed ; st. vi.-viii., are of the greatest force, and of these especially st. viii." He also gives a portion of a sermon on Rogation Sunday, 1671, in which Scriver quotes st. viii. as expressing the deepest sentiments of his heart. Translated as:— 1. With Thee I lay me down to sleep. This is a translation of stanza v., vii., viii., as No. 481, in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book, 1754. It is also found in the following forms:— i. In peace I'll now lie down to sleep. In the Moravian Hymn Book, 1789. ii. I lay me down with Thee to sleep. In Maurice's Choral Hymn Book, 1861. iii. In peace will I lie down to sleep. In the Moravian Hymn Book, 1886. 2. My praise again I offer Thee. A tr. of st. iv., v., by A. T. Russell, as No. 6, in his Psalms & Hymns, 1851. 3. The lovely Sun has now fulfilled. This is a tr. of st. i., iv., v., ix., dated 1882, by M. W. Stryker, in his Hymns & Verses, 1883, p. 28, repeated in his Christian Chorals, 1885, No. 16. In his Song of Miriam, 1888, p. 26, it begins "The golden Sun has now fulfilled." iii. Hier lieg ich nun mein Gott zu deinen Füssen. Repentance. Lent . The translation in common use is:— Here, 0 my God, I cast me at Thy feet . This is a translation of st. i., iii., v., vi., x., xi., xxi., xxiii., xx vi., xxviii., by Miss Winkworth, in her Lyra Germanica, 1st Ser., 1855, p. 63. In her Chorale Book for England, 1863, No. 45, it begins, "Here, O my God, low at Thy feet I bend me;" is altered in metre; and omits the tr. of st. iii., 11. 3, 4; v.; vi., 11. 1, 2; and xxiv. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] --Excerpts from John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Friedrich Funcke

1642 - 1699 Hymnal Number: d433 Author of "Zeuch uns nach dir, so kommen [eilen] [laufen] wir mit herzlichen" in Evangelisch-Lutherisches Gesang-Buch worin 500 der...fuer Gemeinen, welche sich zur unveraen ... Augsburgischen Confession Funcke, Friedrich, was born at Nossen in the Harz, where he was baptised March 27, 1642. After receiving a general and musical education at Freiberg and Dresden, he became cantor at Perleberg, and then, in 1664, Stadt Cantor at Luneburg. He was, in 1694, appointed pastor at Römstedt, a few miles south of Lüneburg, and died there Oct. 20, 1699. He revised the Lüneburg Gesangbuch, 1686, and contributed to it 43 melodies and 7 hymns (Blätter für Hymnologie, 1884, pp. 115, 135, 146; 1885, p. 121). One has passed into English, viz.:— Zeuch uns nach dir, so kommen wir. [Ascensiontide!] First published in the Lüneburg Stadt Gesang-Buch, 1686, No. 593y? in 5 st. of 4 l., signed "F. F.," and founded on Canticles i. 4. Repeated in Freylinghausen's Gesang-Buch, 1705, No. 699, the Berlin Geistliche Lieder , ed. 1863, No. 341, and many other collections. Often wrongly ascribed to Ludämilia Elizabeth (q.v.), or to Friedrich Fabricius (b. April 20, 1642, at Stettin, and died there Nov. 11, 1703, as Pastor of St. Nicholas's Church). The only translation in common use is:— Draw us to Thee, Lord Jesus. A somewhat free translation omitting st. ii. by Miss Winkworth in her Chorale Book for England, 1863, No. 68. Repeated in Dr. Thomas's Augustine Hymnbook, 1866, Marlborough College Hymnbook, 1889, and in America in the Pennsylvania Lutheran Church Book, 1868. Other translations are: (l) “Draw us, Saviour, then will we," by Miss Dunn, 1857, p. 102. (2) "Draw us to Thee, So shall we flee," by N. L. Frothingham, 1870, p. 275. The hymn beginning, "Draw us to Thee, in mind and heart," by A. T. Russell, in 4 st., as No. 269 in his Psalms & Hymns, 1851, while not a translation of, is based on this German hymn. Repeated in Dr. Pagenstecher's Collection, 1864, and in J. L. Porter's Collection, 1876. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology

Justus Gesenius

1601 - 1673 Hymnal Number: d25 Author of "Allein auf Christi Himmelfahrt" in Evangelisch-Lutherisches Gesang-Buch worin 500 der...fuer Gemeinen, welche sich zur unveraen ... Augsburgischen Confession Gesenius, Justus, D.D., son of Joachim Gesenius, pastor at Esbeck, near Lauenstein, Hannover; was born at Esbeck, July 6, 1601. He studied at the Universities of Helmstedt and Jena, graduating M.A at Jena in 1628. In 1629 he became pastor of St. Magnus's Church, Brunswick; in 1636 court chaplain and preacher at the Cathedral in Hildesheim; and in 1642 chief court preacher, consistorialrath, and general superintendent at Hannover. He died at Hannover, Sept. 18, 1673 (Koch, iii 230-237; Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, ix. 87-88; Bode, p. 76, &c). Gesenius was an accomplished and influential theologian, a famous preacher, and distinguished himself by his efforts to further the catechetical instruction of the children of his district. Along with D. Denicke (q.v.) he edited the Hannoverian hymnbooks of 1646-1660. Both he and Denicke aimed at reducing the older German hymns to correctness of style according to the poetical canons of Martin Opitz; not so much interfering with the theology or making the authors speak a terminology foreign to them. Consequently their recasts, while setting a bad example, and while often destroying much of the force and freshness of the originals, were not by any means so objectionable as the recasts of the Rationalistic period, and moreover were soon widely accepted. As no authors' names are given in the Hannoverian hymnbooks, it is difficult to assign the authorship of the new hymns and recasts therein contained. The following is generally, and apparently with reason, ascribed to Gesenius: Wenn meine Sünd' mich kränken. Passiontide. His finest hymn as regards depth, warmth, and finish. First published in the Hannover Gesang-Buch 1646, No. 49, in 8 stanzas of 7 lines. It has been called a recast of the hymn "Hilf Gott, dass mir gelinge," but bears not the slightest resemblance to it. Included in Crüger's Praxis, 1656, and many later collections, as the Berlin Geistliche Lieder S., ed. 1863, No. 277. By a not unjust retribution it was soon recast, and appeared in the Lüneburg Gesang-Buch, 1661, as "Wenn mich die Sunden kränken." Translated as:— 1. When guilt and shame are raising. In full, by J. C. Jacobi, in pt. ii., 1725, of his Psalter Germanica, p. 4 (1732, p. 34). In the Moravian HymnBook of 1789, No. 106, it is altered to “O Lord, when condemnation"; and in the edition 1886, it begins with st. v., "Lord, let Thy bitter passion." A cento of stanzas ii., iii., v., from the Moravian Hymn Book, 1801, was adopted by Montgomery in his Christian Psalmist, 1825, beginning, "O wonder far exceeding," and this is in the New Zealand Hymnal. 1872. 2. 0 Lord, when my sins grieve me. A good translation of stanzas i., ii., iv., v., by A. T. Russell, as No. 81 in his Psalms & Hymns, 1851. 3. When sorrow and remorse. In full, by Miss Winkworth in her Lyra Germanica, 1st Ser., 1855, p. 74. A cento consisting of lines 1-4 of stanzas i., iv.—vi., and of stanza vii., rewritten to S.M., is in the Pennsylvanian Lutheran Church Book, 1868. 4. 0 Lord, when condemnation. A full and good translation, included as No. 84 in the 1857 ed. of Mercer's The Church Psalter and Hymnbook. Probably by Mr. Mercer, but mainly taken from the Moravian Hymnbook, 1789, and from Miss Winkworth. Repeated, abridged, in his Oxford ed., 1864, No. 149, and in the Toronto HymnBook, 1862. 5. When o'er my sins I sorrow. A good translation, based on her 1855 version, and omitting stanzas ii.—iv., by Miss Winkworth, as No. 48 in her Chorale Book for England, 1863. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] -- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Johann Hess

1490 - 1547 Hymnal Number: d349 Author of "O welt, ich muss dich lassen, ich fahr dahin mein strassen" in Evangelisch-Lutherisches Gesang-Buch worin 500 der...fuer Gemeinen, welche sich zur unveraen ... Augsburgischen Confession Hesse, Johann, D.D., son. of Johann von Hesse, a merchant of Nürnberg, was born at Nürnberg, Sept. 21 or 23, 1490. He attended the Universities of Leipzig (1506), Wittenberg, where he graduated M.A., 1511, and heard lectures froin Luther and Johann v. Staupitz; Bologna and Ferrara (D.D. at Ferrara, 1519). During his residence in Italy he gained an insight into the corruptions of the Church in that country, and on his return home in 1520 he sided more and more with the party of Reform. He had been appointed Canon of Neisse in Silesia in 1515, and was in 1520 ordained priest at Breslau. He acted for some time as a Provost of the Church of St. Mary and St. George, at Oels, and was then summoned to Breslau, in 1521, to preach as a Canon of the Cathedral. He did not at first declare himself openly for the Reformation; but on a visit to Nurnberg in the spring of 1523, preached a sermon in St. Sebald's Church, in which he proclaimed himself on the side of the Reformers. On this he was invited by 'the magistrates of Breslau to become Evangelical pastor of St. Mary Magdalene's Church there; and in spite of the opposition of the Pope and of King Sigismund of Poland, he was formally installed, Oct. 21, 1523, as the first Evangelical pastor elected by the people in Silesia. He died at Breslau, Jan. 6, 1547. (Koch, i. 360-367; Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, xii. 283-284, &c.) Two hymns have been ascribed to Hesse, one of which has passed into English, viz.:— O Welt, ich muss dich lassen. For the Dying. Wackernagel, iii. p. 952, gives this in 10 stanzas of 6 lines from a broadsheet printed at Nürnberg, c. 1555, and from a Nürnberg Gesangbuch of 1569. It is also in the Unverfälschter Liedersegen, 1851, No. 839. Lauxmann, in Koch, viii. 589, says that according to tradition it was written as a dying song for criminals on their way to execution, in whose welfare Hesse had begun to interest himself as early as 1526. In Jeremias Weber's Gesangbuch, Leipzig, 1638, p. 110, it is entitled, "A funeral hymn for a person who on account of his misdeeds is lawfully and justly brought from life to death, whose departure is publicly shown that every¬one may take it to heart." Its popularity was greatly aided by the beautiful melody to which it is set. This is given in its original form by Miss Winkworth, and in Hymns Ancient & Modern (No. 86) is called Innspruck. It appears in G. Forster's Ausszug guter alter und newer Teutscher liedlein, Nürnberg, 1539, in a four-part setting by Heinrich Isaak (b. c. 1440, Capellmeister to the Emperor Maximilian I.) to the words of the travelling artisan's song " Innsbruck, ich muss dich lassen." This hymn is translated as:— 0 world, I now must leave thee, a good translation of stanzas i., iv.-viii., by Miss Winkworth, as No. 189 in her Chorale Book for England, 1863, repeated, omitting st. vi., in the Ohio Luth. Hymnal, 1880. Another translation is:—"0 world, I leave thee; far I go," by Dr. G. Walker, 1860, p. 161. Another form of the hymn is that with the same first line given in Heinrich Knaust's GassenJuiwer, Renter und Berpliedlin christlich, moraliter unnd sittlich verendert, Frankfurt-ani-Main, 1571, where it is in 3 stanzas, signed "D. H. K." (i.e. Dr. Heinrich Knaust), and entitled, "Issbruck ich muss dich lassen christianly and morally altered." Thence in Wackernagel, iv. p. 781. The only translation of this form is, "O world, I must forsake thee," by Miss Winkworth, 1869, p. 91. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] -- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology

Martin Moller

1547 - 1606 Person Name: Martin Moeller Hymnal Number: d278 Author of "Nimm von uns, Herr, du treuer Gott" in Evangelisch-Lutherisches Gesang-Buch worin 500 der...fuer Gemeinen, welche sich zur unveraen ... Augsburgischen Confession Moller, Martin, son of Dionysius Moller, mason at Liessnitz (now Kroptädt), near Wittenberg, was born at Liessnitz, Nov. 11, 1547. He attended the town school at Wittenberg and the gymnasium at Görlitz, but was too poor to go to any university. In 1568 he was appointed cantor at Löwenberg in Silesia, but in April, 1572, was ordained as pastor of Kesselsdorf, near Löwenberg. In the autumn of 1572 he was appointed diaconus at Löwenberg, in 1575 pastor at Sprottau, and in July, 1600, became chief pastor at Görlitz. He preached his last sermon, Oct. 30, 1605, and died at Görlitz, March 2, 1606 (Koch, ii. 211, iv. 552, &c). Moller's hymns appeared in his two very popular devotional books, (I) Meditationes sanctorumpatrum, Görlitz, 1584; pt. ii., Görlitz, 1591, and various later eds. This was mostly made up of meditations from St. Augustine, St. Bernard, and Tauler, selected and tr. into German by Moller. (2) Manuale de praeparatione ad mortem. Görlitz, 1593 [Library of the Prediger-Seminar at Hannover]. Wackernagel, v., Nos. 71-75, gives only 5 hymns under Moller's name. Of these No. 72 ("Heiliger Geist, du Tröster mein") is from “Veni Sancte Spiritus, et emitte " (q.v.), and No. 73, (“Nimm von uns Herr") from "Aufer immensam.” Two versions of the "Jesu dulcis memoria " have also often been ascribed to Moller, viz. "Ach Gott, wie manches Herzeleid", and, with less reason, "O Jesu süss, wer dein gedenkt." [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] ----John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)